![]() (Hochschild 2015 Jentleson 2015) (Hauck 2000 Hauck and Vogelsong 2005 Hauck, Smith, and Vogelsong 2010 Jordan et al. When multiple sources are cited together, they are included in the same parentheses, but separated by semicolons.When four or more authors are cited, et al. (in roman type) should follow the first author’s name, even in the first reference, unless the author is in multiple references where the et al. would not be the same, in which case use the first and second author’s last names before et al. (and so on) or a shortened title in quotes preceded by a comma (15.29).(Dodd and Oppenheimer 1977) (Roberts, Smith, and Haptonstahl 2016) With two or three authors, cite all names each time (15.27).No comma should be placed between the last name and the year of publication, but a comma should be placed after the year before page or chapter numbers. The page numbers can be cited as either inclusive or nonconsecutive page numbers. The numbers should point to a specifically contextual page or range of pages. Page or chapter numbers must be included for quotes, and should be included to point to specific data sets, ideas, or to avoid ambiguity.No comma should be placed between the last name and the year of publication. The terms ed. or eds. and trans., which are abbreviated in the reference list, are omitted from parenthetical citations. ![]() The usual format, which refers to the work and the overall ideas of the work as a whole, requires only the last name of the author(s), editor(s), or translator(s) and the year of publication ( n.d. if there is no date, forthcoming if it is forthcoming). A parenthetical citation is set off at the end of a sentence by parentheses. ![]() Each parenthetical citation must have a matching source that appears in the reference list at the end of the manuscript, including the citations found in endnotes and in the source notes of tables and figures.However, authors have a responsibility to return to the citations and make sure that they align with APSA style (14.5). Citation management tools, free or otherwise, can be used online to circumvent creating citations from scratch.This section details the author-date style which may be a change for some authors. The main contrasting features of the author-date citation style is the use of parenthetical in-text citations as opposed to citations in footnotes or endnotes. ![]()
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